Today, most multiple system operators (MSOs) and broadband operators, who evolved through the video service delivery business, predominantly use hybrid fiber coax (HFC) infrastructure composed of 6 MHz video and data quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) channels operating between 5 and 750 or 860MHz frequency spectrum. Operators also have Ethernet business and wireless backhaul services provided through a Metro Ethernet point-to-point (P2P) or optical passive optical network (PON) solution using separate fibers from the HFC network.

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