The prostate specific antigen (PSA) has arguably been one of the most successful biomarkers in medical history — defining screening, early detection and surveillance paradigms for prostate cancer for a generation of physicians worldwide. While the PSA protein, a serine protease, is uniquely associated with the prostate gland, screening and early-detection strategies using serum PSA have come under increased scrutiny due to a relatively poor specificity for cancer as well as an inability to differentiate indolent from aggressive disease, which limit the clinical utility of the test. To improve diagnostic precision, attention has turned to the use of analogues such as …

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